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Note: The following information is from G. Edward
Griffin’s book “The
Creature from Jekyll Island,” pages 573–577. The information is
posted strictly under the “fair use” doctrine of copyrights. The sole
purpose of posting is to provide a straightforward means of comparing
various monetary policy reform proposals.
There are certain steps that must precede the abandonment of the Fed,
if we are to have a safe passage. The first step is to convert our present
fiat money into real money. That means we must create an entirely new
money supply which is 100% backed by precious metal—and we must do so,
within a reasonably short period of time. To that end, we also must
establish the true value of our present fiat money so it can be exchanged
for new money on a realistic basis and phased out of circulation. Here is
how it can be done:
- Repeal the legal-tender laws. The federal government will
continue accepting Federal Reserve Notes in the payment of taxes, but
everyone else will be free to accept them, reject them, or discount
them as they wish. There is no need to force people to accept honest
money. Only fiat money needs the threat of imprisonment to back it up.
Private institutions should be free to innovate and to compete. If
people want to use Green Stamps or Disney-ride coupons or
Bank-of-America Notes as a medium of exchange, they should be free to
do so. The only requirement should be faithful fulfillment of
contract. If the Green-Stamp company says it will give a crystal lamp
for seven books of stamps, then it should be compelled to do so.
Disney should be required to accept the coupon in exactly the manner
printed on the back. And, if Bank of America tells its depositors they
can have their dollars back, any time they want, it should be
required, to keep 100% backing (coins or Treasury Certificates), in
its vault at all times. In the transition to a new money, it is
anticipated that the old Federal Reserve Notes will continue to be
widely used.
- Freeze the present supply of Federal Reserve Notes, except
for what will be needed in step number eleven.
- Define the “real” dollar in terms of precious-metal content,
preferably what it was in the past: 371.25 grains of silver. It could
be another weight of silver or even another metal, but the old silver
dollar is a proven winner.
- Establish gold as an auxiliary monetary reserve, which can be
substituted for silver, not at a fixed-price ratio, but at whatever
ratio is set by the free market. Fixed ratios, always, become unfair
over time as the prices of gold and silver drift relative to each
other. Although gold may be substituted for silver at this ratio, it
is, only silver that is the foundation for the dollar.
- Restore free coinage at the U.S. Mint and issue silver
“dollars” as well as gold “pieces.” Both dollars and gold
pieces will be defined by metal content, but only coins with silver
content can be called dollars, half-dollars, quarter-dollars, or
tenth-dollars (dimes). At first, these coins will be derived only from
metal brought into the Mint by private parties. They must not be drawn
from the Treasury’s supply which is reserved for use in Step Number
Eleven.
- Pay off the national debt with Federal Reserve Notes created
for that purpose. Creating money without backing is forbidden by the
Constitution; however, when no one is forced by law to accept Federal
Reserve Notes as legal tender, they will no longer be the official
money of the United States. They will be merely a kind of government
script, which no one is required to accept. Their utility will be
determined by their usefulness in payment of taxes and by the public’s
anticipation of having them exchanged for real money at a later date.
The creation of Federal Reserve Notes, with the understanding that
they are not the official money of the United States, would therefore
not be a violation of the Constitution. In any event, the deed is
already done. The decision to redeem government bonds with Federal
Reserve Notes is not ours. Congress decided that long ago and the
course was set at the instant those bonds were issued. We are merely
playing out the hand. The money will be created for that
purpose. Our only choice is when: now or later. If we allow the
bonds to stand, the national debt will be repudiated by inflation. The
value of the original dollars will gradually be reduced to zero while
only the interest remains. Everyone’s purchasing power will be
destroyed and the nation will die. But, if we want not to
repudiate the national debt and decide to pay it off now, we
will be released from the burden of interest payments and, at the same
time, prepare the way for a sound monetary system.
- Pledge the government’s hoard of gold and silver (except
the military stockpile) to be used as backing for all the Federal
Reserve Notes in circulation. The denationalization of these assets is
long overdue. At various times in recent history, it was illegal for
Americans to own gold and their private holdings were confiscated. The
amount which was taken should be returned to the private sector as a
matter of principle. The rest of the gold supply also belongs to the
people, because they paid for it through taxes and inflation. The
government has no use for gold or silver except to support the money
supply. The time has come to give it back to the people and use it for
that purpose.
- Determine the weight of all the gold and silver owned by the
U.S. government and, then, calculate the total value, of that supply,
in terms of real (silver) dollars.
- Determine the number of all the Federal Reserve Notes in
circulation and then, calculate the real-dollar value of each one by
dividing the value of the precious metals by the number of Notes.
- Retire all Federal Reserve Notes from circulation by offering
to exchange them for dollars at the calculated ratio. There will be
enough gold or silver to redeem every Federal Reserve Note (FRNs) in
circulation.
- Convert all contracts, based on Federal Reserve Notes to dollars
using the same exchange ratio. That includes the contracts called
mortgages and government bonds. In that way, monetary values expressed
within debt obligations will be converted on the same basis and at the
same time as currency.
- Issue Silver Certificates. As the Treasury redeems Federal
Reserve Notes for dollars, recipients will have the option of taking
coins or Treasury Certificates, which are 100% backed. These
Certificates will become the new paper currency.
- Abolish the Federal Reserve System. It would be possible to
allow the System to continue as a check clearing-house so long as it
did not function as a central bank. A check clearing-house will be
needed, and the banks that presently own the Fed should be allowed to
continue performing that service. However, they must no longer receive
tax subsidies to operate, and competition must be allowed. However,
the Federal Reserve System, as presently chartered by Congress, must
be abolished.
- Introduce free banking. Banks should be deregulated and, at
the same time, cut loose from protection at taxpayers’ expense. No
more bailouts. The FDIC and other government “insurance” agencies
should be phased out, and their functions turned over to real
insurance companies in the private sector. Banks should be required to
keep 100% reserves for demand deposits, because that is a contractual
obligation. All forms of time deposits should be presented to the
public exactly as CDs are today. In other words, the depositor should
be fully informed that his money is invested and he will have to wait
a specified time before he can have it back. Competition will insure
that those institutions that best serve their customers’ needs will
prosper. Those that do not will fall by the wayside—without the need
of an army of bank regulators.
- Reduce the size and scope of government. No solution to our
economic problems is possible under socialism. It is the author’s
view that the government should be limited to the protection of life,
liberty, and property—nothing more. That means the elimination of
almost all of the socialist-oriented programs that now infest the
federal bureaucracy. If we hope to retain—or perhaps to regain—our
freedom, they simply have to go. To that end, the federal government
should sell all assets not directly related to its primary function of
protection; it should privately sub-contract as many of its services
as possible; and it should greatly reduce and simplify its taxes.
- Restore national independence. A similar restraint must be
applied at the international level. We must reverse all programs
leading to disarmament and economic interdependence. The most
significant step in that direction will be to Get us out of the UN,
and the UN out of the US, but that will be just the beginning.
There are hundreds of treaties, and administrative agreements, that
must be rescinded. There may be a few that are constructive and
mutually beneficial to us and other nations, but the great majority of
them will have to go. That is not because we are isolationist. It is
simply because we want to avoid being engulfed in global tyranny.
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